The research process is cyclical and can be ongoing as you refine your topic.
Look below for an explanation of the steps in the Research Process.
1. The first place to start is to select a topic.
To find a good topic, that isn't too broad or too narrow, it is helpful to do some basic research (get a GENERAL OVERVIEW) to see what is available.
- See what subject interests you
- Look for Introductory information in Encyclopaedia Britannica (Links to an external site.) or other Reference Sources
- See what paper and on-line resources there are in your subject area
- If there aren't enough resources, broaden your topic.
- If there are too many resources, narrow your topic.
2. Once you have a topic,ask a good RESEARCH QUESTION to focus your research paper
- Focus on what you want to know about the topic
- Create a clear question that you can research and answer
Here's a good video by GSU about Developing a Research Question
3. Decide on the type of information you want and choose your research tool.
You will need to decide if you want books, ebooks, journal articles, magazines, videos, social media, internet resources, statistics, or other types of information.
Some tools to help you find your information are:
- The Library Catalog (here you can find ebooks that you can borrow online)
- Journal Databases (you can choose a database to look in, and download electronic articles from it)
- Reference tools (can give you basic information, and lead you to further books, articles, and search terms)
- Internet web pages (some web sources, like Google Scholar or Statistics Canada, can give you good information but you have to be cautious and evaluate the validity (Links to an external site) of the source)
4. Examine Your Search Results
First you Search...
Remember, when searching for a resource:
- Use Keywords, Boolean Searching or Phrase Searching to expand or narrow results
- Use Encyclopedias, Reference books, or other expert sources to help find further terms to search
- Follow the subject headings in the library catalog/databases to find more resources related to your topic
- Most books and articles will have a list of bibliographical references at the back that can lead you to more resources for your research.
Then you evaluate...
Once you find a resource, you need to decide if it is appropriate to use it.
Here is a video by University of Washington Libraries about evaluating the results you get from your search.
5. Refine your search, or write your paper
Once you have decided on a topic, asked a focusing research question, looked through tools to find resources, and evaluated the resources to find the best sources to help you, then it is time to write the research paper.
Collect what you've found, and organize it into a well-thought-out paper, where the research supports your NEW thinking. Make sure that your paper is about YOUR thoughts and isn't just re-quoting what someone else wrote.